Safety and Efficacy of Repeat Embolization for Recurrent Hemoptysis: A 16-Year Retrospective Study Including 223 Patients.

Purpose: To assess safety, efficacy, and long-term outcome of repeat bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for recurrent hemoptysis.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients referred for repeat BAE to manage recurrent hemoptysis after initial successful embolization. BAE was performed in 223 patients; 36 (16.1%) of these patients underwent 59 repeat BAE procedures because of recurring symptoms. The most frequent underlying lung diseases were bronchiectasis (n = 8; 22%), cystic fibrosis (n = 7; 19%), and idiopathic hemoptysis (n = 7; 19%).

Results: Most patients (64%) underwent 2 embolization procedures owing to vessel recanalization (71%) as the most frequent pathophysiologic mechanism of recurrent hemoptysis. No serious adverse events requiring prolonged hospital stay were noted. Risk for relapse of hemoptysis was significantly lower for bronchiectasis compared with other chronic infections (P = .0022) and cystic fibrosis (P = .0004). Overall survival after 3-year and 5-year follow-up was 92% and 84%, respectively.

Conclusions: Repeat BAE for recurrent hemoptysis after initial successful BAE is safe and efficacious, especially in patients with bronchiectasis as the underlying lung disease.