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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2017-223757DOI Listing

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PARATHYROID CANCER: REVIEW OF UNCOMMON DISEASE.

Acta Endocrinol (Buchar)

January 2025

Baskent University, "Dr. Turgut Noyan" Teaching and Research Center, Department of General Surgery, Adana.

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Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a prevalent clinical condition characterized by an inappropriate secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is most often caused by one or more parathyroid adenomas, which can, in rare cases, be ectopically located. Ectopic adenomas can pose a diagnostic challenge, lead to treatment delay, and be a common cause of recurrent hypercalcemia after parathyroidectomy.

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Immobilization induced hypercalcemia is an uncommon and serious disorder that requires a thorough evaluation to exclude more common causes of an elevated calcium. Although the pathogenesis is not clearly illuminated, immobilization results in an uncoupling between osteogenic and osteoclastic factors that maintain bone homeostasis. When calcemic bone resorption overwhelms urinary calcium excretion, blood hypercalcemia ensues.

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Angiosarcomas are a type of malignant tumor of vascular origin. They represent <1% of all primary bone tumors. The multicentric or metastatic does not differ in its high aggressiveness and poor prognosis.

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Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) typically presents with a spectrum of symptoms, including neuropsychiatric manifestations such as anxiety, depression, confusion, and, in severe cases, coma. While psychiatric symptoms are not uncommon in PHPT, acute psychosis is a rare presentation. In such cases, immediate control of serum calcium levels is crucial, and emergency parathyroidectomy may be required if medical management alone fails to control hypercalcemia.

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