Clostridium novyi is an anaerobic bacterium that resides in the soil in nature and that may cause severe clinical infections in humans. It is named after Frederick Novy, who incidentally discovered the anaerobic organism responsible for septicemia in rabbits. In this paper, we explore the circumstances surrounding the identification of the organism. In particular, we address who Novy was and what he was trying to do when he first described the organism in the 1890s. We then address what is known about the biological features of the organism today, as well as the clinical syndromes that are now recognized to be associated with the microbe. Finally, we review efforts that have been made to use the organism for potential beneficial purposes for humans.
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