Discovery and characterization of conserved and novel microRNAs from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) by deep sequencing.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single stranded RNA molecules with approximately 22 nts in length, which regulate the stability and translation of messenger RNAs in several organisms. To increase the repertoire of miRNAs characterized in M. amblycephala, we used the deep sequencing technology to sequence a small RNA library using pooled RNA sample isolated from the 4 different tissues of M. amblycephala. A total of 309 conserved miRNAs that originated from 131 miRNA families were detected. 15 novel candidates miRNA were identified. Randomly selected 6 miRNAs were analyzed by stem-loop qRT-PCR and differential expression patterns were observed in 6 different tissues of M. amblycephala. Furthermore, the potential targets were predicted. GO analysis showed that most of the targets were involved in a broad range of physiological functions including fish growth, development, metabolism, stress responses and so on. Overall, our results significantly increased the number of novel miRNAs in M. amblycephala, which should be useful for further investigation into the role of miRNAs in regulating diverse biological processes.