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Molecular Positron Emission Tomography and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging for Understanding the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Scoping Review.
J ECT
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Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effectively treats severe psychiatric disorders such as depression, mania, catatonia, and schizophrenia. Although its exact mechanism remains unclear, ECT is thought to induce neurochemical and neuroendocrine changes. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have provided vital insights into ECT's neurobiological effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of serum antioxidants on cognitive dysfunction in first-episode and drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder.
J Affect Disord
December 2024
The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:
Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a persistent and difficult-to-treat symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and is receiving increasing attention. A balanced state of oxidative stress sustained by antioxidants is essential for normal functioning of brain, including learning capacity, emotional regulation, and cognitive function. The correlation between cognition and oxidative stress may also be altered in patients with mental disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of Sleep in Depressive Disorders and the Potential Therapeutic Role of Short-Term Sleep Deprivation and Light Therapy: A Review.
Med Sci Monit
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II Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Depression affects about 280 million people globally and is marked by persistent sadness and impaired daily functioning. Sleep disturbances are prevalent in major depressive disorder, affecting roughly 90% of patients, and are linked to the severity and progression of depression. This review emphasizes the critical role of sleep in depressive disorders and evaluates the alternative treatments bright light therapy and sleep deprivation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatric Bipolar Disorder: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment.
Paediatr Drugs
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Despite an opportunity to prevent adult psychopathology associated with bipolar disorder through early diagnosis in children, there is insufficient information and awareness among healthcare providers about the unique features and treatment of mania and its comorbid conditions in children. Converging evidence from disparate sites describe a developmentally distinct presentation of bipolar disorder in youth that is highly morbid, persistent and responds to treatment with the mood stabilizer medications used in the treatment of adult bipolar disorder, such as divalproex sodium and carbamazepine. Some are additionally approved for use in pediatric populations including, for manic or mixed states, risperidone, aripiprazole, and asenapine for those aged 10-17 years and also including lithium and olanzapine for ages 13-17 years.
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