Introduction: The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 allows the US FDA to regulate tobacco products, including the banning of characterizing flavors, such as fruit and candy, cigarettes. The availability of mint flavored snus may facilitate the use of the product if consumers find it more palatable with respect to taste, odor, pleasantness, and intensity.
Methods: This study assessed product evaluation (PES), odor identification, odor intensity, and odor hedonics among 151 smokers enrolled in a clinical trial of snus substitution for cigarettes.
Results: Far more participants selected Winterchill (N = 110) than Robust (N = 41), regardless of their menthol cigarette smoking status. Nicotine dependence was higher among those who selected Winterchill (4 vs 3 on Fagerstrom scale, p = 0.017). Those who found Winterchill to be more satisfying, less aversive, and having a more intense, more pleasant odor than Robust were substantially more likely to select Winterchill for their one week trial.
Conclusions: Findings indicate that subjective effect measures such as the PES and DEQ are capable of differentiating products in terms of flavor preference, and that smokers express a strong preference for mint flavored snus.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.07.004 | DOI Listing |
Open Forum Infect Dis
January 2025
Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective but not widely used by men who have sex with men (MSM; 27%) in China.
Methods: In June 2023, an online cross-sectional survey with a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was distributed to PrEP-eligible MSM in China who were at least 18 years old. The DCE explored attributes of PrEP modality (daily pill, on-demand pill, injections, implants), clinical care model (same-day, 2-visit, telehealth prescription), medication pickup (clinic, community health center, pharmacy, MSM-focused community-based organization, home delivery), enhanced support (self-management, smartphone app, text reminder, anonymous peer support group), and cost.
Free-space optical (FSO) communication has the advantages of large bandwidth and high security and being license-free, making it the preferred solution for addressing the "last kilometer" of information transmission. However, it is susceptible to fluctuations in the received optical power (ROP) due to atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors, resulting in the inevitable free-space optical communication transmission performance degradation. In this work, we experimentally verified the turbulence resistance of the cylindrical vector beam (CVB) over a 3 km long free-space field trial link.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
One of the most important aspects of research on metacognition is the measurement of metacognitive ability. However, the properties of existing measures of metacognition have been mostly assumed rather than empirically established. Here I perform a comprehensive empirical assessment of 17 measures of metacognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Appl Acarol
January 2025
CBGP, Institut Agro Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recki feeds on pest mites on tomato plants and its introduction into crops via companion plants, Mentha suaveolens and Phlomis fruticosa, has been recently investigated. This study aims at assessing the predator arrestment behavior, through lab choice tests to determine the effects of (i) prey (Aculops lycopersici and Tetranychus urticae) vs Typha angustifolia pollen deposited on companion plant or Solanum nigrum, (ii) T. urticae vs A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Genom
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Phylogenetic analyses are crucial for understanding microbial evolution and infectious disease transmission. Bacterial phylogenies are often inferred from SNP alignments, with SNPs as the fundamental signal within these data. SNP alignments can be reduced to a 'strict core' by removing those sites that do not have data present in every sample.
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