PloS one

1932-62031322018PloS onePLoS OneCirculating small non-coding RNAs reflect IFN status and B cell hyperactivity in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.e0193157e0193157e019315710.1371/journal.pone.0193157Considering the important role of miRNAs in the regulation of post-transcriptional expression of target genes, we investigated circulating small non-coding RNAs (snc)RNA levels in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). In addition we assessed if serum sncRNA levels can be used to differentiate patients with specific disease features.Serum RNA was isolated from 37 pSS patients as well as 21 patients with incomplete Sjögren's Syndrome (iSS) and 17 healthy controls (HC) allocated to two independent cohorts: discovery and validation. OpenArray profiling of 758 sncRNAs was performed in the discovery cohort. Selected sncRNAs were measured in the validation cohort using single-assay RT-qPCR. In addition, unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed within the pSS group.Ten sncRNAs were differentially expressed between the groups in the array. In the validation cohort, we confirmed the increased expression of U6-snRNA and miR-661 in the iSS group as compared to HC. We were unable to validate differential expression of any miRNAs in the pSS group. However, within this group several miRNAs correlated with laboratory parameters. Unsupervised clustering distinguished three clusters of pSS patients. Patients in one cluster showed significantly higher serum IgG, prevalence of anti-SSB autoantibodies, IFN-score, and decreased leukocyte counts compared to the two other clusters.We were unable to identify any serum sncRNAs with differential expression in pSS patients. However, we show that circulating miRNA levels are associated with disease parameters in pSS patients and can be used to distinguish pSS patients with more severe B cell hyperactivity. As several of these miRNAs are implicated in the regulation of B cells, they may play a role in the perpetuation of the disease.LopesAna PAP0000-0003-4954-5151Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.HillenMaarten RMRDepartment of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ChouriEleniEDepartment of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.BloklandSofie L MSLMDepartment of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.BekkerCornelis P JCPJDepartment of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.KruizeAike AAADepartment of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.RossatoMarziaMLaboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Functional Genomics Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.van RoonJoel A GJAGDepartment of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.RadstakeTimothy R D JTRDJDepartment of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.engJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't20180215