Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Background: To evaluate the effect of antenatal influenza vaccination on all-cause severe infant pneumonia, we performed pooled analysis of 3 randomized controlled trials conducted in Nepal, Mali and South Africa.
Methods: The trials were coordinated from the planning phase. The follow-up period was 0-6 months postpartum in Nepal and Mali and 0-24 weeks in South Africa. Pregnant women with gestational age 17-34 weeks in Nepal, ≥28 weeks in Mali and 20-36 weeks in South Africa were enrolled. Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) was compared with either saline placebo (Nepal and South Africa) or quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (Mali). In South Africa, cases were hospitalized and were therefore considered to have severe pneumonia. In Nepal and Mali, severe infant pneumonia diagnosis was based on the WHO Integrated Management of Childhood Illness definition.
Results: A total of 10,002 mothers and 9801 live-born eligible infants were included in the present analysis. There was a 31% lower incidence rate of severe pneumonia in the IIV group compared with the control group in Nepal [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.69; 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; ]. In South Africa, there was a 43% lower incidence rate of severe pneumonia in the IIV group versus the control group (IRR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.33-1.0). There was no difference in incidence rates between the IIV group and the control group in Mali. Overall, incidence rate of severe pneumonia was 20% lower in the IIV group compared with the control group (IRR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66-0.99; P = 0.04). Protection was highest in the high influenza circulation period (IRR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23-0.84).
Conclusions: Maternal influenza immunization may reduce severe pneumonia episodes among infants-particularly those too young to be completely vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001914 | DOI Listing |
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