Herein, we demonstrate an improved short-step protocol for the synthesis of multicyclic molecules having a CFCF-containing cyclohexadiene or cyclohexane framework in a mesogenic structure. These molecules are promising candidates for vertical alignment (VA)-mode liquid crystal (LC) display devices owing to their large negative dielectric constant. The tetrafluorinated multicyclic molecules were successfully obtained in only five or six reaction steps without the need for special handling techniques, as is generally required for thermally unstable organometallic species, representing a reduction of three reaction steps. The improved short-step synthetic protocol was also amenable to the multigram preparation of these promising molecules, which may contribute significantly to the development of novel negative-type LC molecules containing CFCF carbocycles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.10 | DOI Listing |
J Environ Manage
August 2024
The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address:
Animals (Basel)
June 2023
The Rodhams, Rodham Road, Christchurch, Wisbech PE14 9NU, UK.
The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) was developed to facilitate the recognition of musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study was to document changes in RHpE scores before and after diagnostic anaesthesia was performed to alleviate pain ± when the saddle was changed. One hundred and fifty horses underwent ridden exercise as part of an investigation of poor performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Aging Neurosci
November 2022
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Due to basal ganglia dysfunction, short step length is a common gait impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in a dual-task walking. Here, we use electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity to investigate neural mechanisms of a stride awareness strategy that could improve dual-task walking in PD. Eighteen individuals with PD who had mild gait impairment walked at self-paced speed while keeping two interlocking rings from touching each other.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFam Pract
September 2022
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Background: Diagnostic tools available to support general practitioners diagnose heart failure (HF) are limited.
Objectives: (i) Determine the feasibility of the novel cardiac output response to stress (CORS) test in suspected HF patients, and (ii) Identify differences in the CORS results between (a) confirmed HF patients from non-HF patients, and (b) HF reduced (HFrEF) vs HF preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction.
Methods: Single centre, prospective, observational, feasibility study.
Stat Optim Inf Comput
January 2021
National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, USA.
In this paper, an improved Interior-Point Method (IPM) for solving symmetric optimization problems is presented. Symmetric optimization (SO) problems are linear optimization problems over symmetric cones. In particular, the method can be efficiently applied to an important instance of SO, a Controlled Tabular Adjustment (CTA) problem which is a method used for Statistical Disclosure Limitation (SDL) of tabular data.
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