AI Article Synopsis
- Breast cancer varies significantly in its characteristics at both the molecular and histological levels, with seven recognized intrinsic subtypes including Luminal-A, Luminal-B, HER2⁺, and various others.
- Genetic and epigenetic changes are important in breast cancer development, but the immune system also plays a critical role in tumor progression and spreading.
- The review focuses on the presence of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, their impact on prognosis, and their interaction with the microbiome, particularly in relation to triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer (TNBC).
Article Abstract
Breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease, both at a molecular and a histological level. Five intrinsic subtypes were initially identified-Luminal-A, Luminal-B, HER2⁺, Triple negative/basal like (TNBC) and normal like-subsequently expanded to seven (Basal-like-1 and 2, mesenchymal, mesenchymal stem-like, luminal androgen receptor, immuno-modulatory and unstable). Although genetic and epigenetic changes are key pathogenic events, the immune system plays a substantial role in promoting progression and metastasis. This review will discuss the extent to which immune cells can be detected within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their prognostic role and relationship with the microbiome, with an emphasis on TNBC.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5874677 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6010020 | DOI Listing |
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