TCF4/β-catenin complex is directly upstream of in mouse stomach cancer cells.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as a member of the FGFs serves a key role in glucose homeostasis and protection of the liver, heart, kidney and skin from damage as well as cancer cell development. In addition, transcription of is sensitive to diverse damages; however, the role of the transcriptional regulator of in cancer cells remains to be elucidated. FGFs were identified to have dominant expression in cancer cells; therefore, mouse forestomach carcinoma (MFC) cells were used in the present study, which is a mouse stomach cancer cell strain for identifying the regulators. In promoter analysis of , the putative transcription factor 4 (TCF4) binding motifs (//AAAG) were observed within 1.5 kb of the promoter region. Further chromatin immunoprecipitation and yeast-one hybrid assays identified that TCF4 directly bound to one of the two putative binding motifs observed. A co-immunoprecipitation assay identified that β-catenin interacts with TCF4 in MFC cells, and the β-catenin/TCF4 complex bound to the promoter of . In order to examine the function of TCF4 and β-catenin in transcriptional regulation of , and was transiently expressed in MFC cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed that overexpression of and activated transcription. Besides, suppression of via a specific short interfering RNA resulted in reduction of expression. Together these findings suggest that the β-catenin/TCF complex directly activates via promoter binding. The observations of the present study may help elucidate the regulatory mechanism of , which is a key pharmaceutical protein.