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Bacteriocyte cell death in the pea aphid/ symbiotic system. | LitMetric

Bacteriocyte cell death in the pea aphid/ symbiotic system.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

UMR0203, Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions BF2I, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA-Lyon), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France;

Published: February 2018

AI Article Synopsis

  • Symbiotic relationships are crucial for multicellular organisms, allowing them to gain new traits and adapt ecologically, particularly noted in insects with intracellular bacterial partners that lead to the evolution of specialized cells called bacteriocytes.
  • Research identified a unique cell-death process in bacteriocytes of the hemipteran insect (aphids), characterized by specific morphological changes distinct from known cell-death mechanisms, which occur progressively during the insect's adult life.
  • The study used advanced techniques like electron microscopy and molecular analysis to show that this cell-death process begins in the endoplasmic reticulum and involves vacuole accumulation, cellular stress responses, and the breakdown of endosymbion

Article Abstract

Symbiotic associations play a pivotal role in multicellular life by facilitating acquisition of new traits and expanding the ecological capabilities of organisms. In insects that are obligatorily dependent on intracellular bacterial symbionts, novel host cells (bacteriocytes) or organs (bacteriomes) have evolved for harboring beneficial microbial partners. The processes regulating the cellular life cycle of these endosymbiont-bearing cells, such as the cell-death mechanisms controlling their fate and elimination in response to host physiology, are fundamental questions in the biology of symbiosis. Here we report the discovery of a cell-death process involved in the degeneration of bacteriocytes in the hemipteran insect This process is activated progressively throughout aphid adulthood and exhibits morphological features distinct from known cell-death pathways. By combining electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses, we demonstrated that the initial event of bacteriocyte cell death is the cytoplasmic accumulation of nonautophagic vacuoles, followed by a sequence of cellular stress responses including the formation of autophagosomes in intervacuolar spaces, activation of reactive oxygen species, and endosymbiont degradation by the lysosomal system. We showed that this multistep cell-death process originates from the endoplasmic reticulum, an organelle exhibiting a unique reticular network organization spread throughout the entire cytoplasm and surrounding endosymbionts. Our findings provide insights into the cellular and molecular processes that coordinate eukaryotic host and endosymbiont homeostasis and death in a symbiotic system and shed light on previously unknown aspects of bacteriocyte biological functioning.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5828623PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720237115DOI Listing

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