A new chromanone derivative, named violacin A (1), was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces violaceoruber as a potential anti-inflammatory compound. The structure of violacin A was established using comprehensive NMR spectroscopic data analysis together with UV, IR, and MS data. The anti-inflammatory effects and action mechanisms of violacin A were investigated in vitro. The results demonstrated that violacin A attenuated the production of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as well as inhibited the expression of iNOS in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, Western blot and qRT-PCR results revealed that 1 down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines expression correlated with the suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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