The efficiency at maximum power (EMP) is investigated for classical irreversible thermal or chemical model engines. The heat or particle transport is governed by flux-force relations of the general power-law type. Special attention is given to engines that feature asymmetric transport laws, one for input (of heat or particles) and a different one for output. It is shown that in a couple of case studies, the EMP of such engines is close to the lowest of the two EMPs that would result for symmetric implementations of the transport laws. As a consequence, ideal efficiency at maximum power is only possible in the model in which both flux-force relations are of step-function type.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10836 | DOI Listing |
BMC Plant Biol
January 2025
Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
An efficient in vitro propagation protocol has been established for a valuable medicinal plant, Salix tetrasperma using mature nodal explants. The investigation aimed to observe the influence of various combinations and concentrations of cytokinins (mT, BA, and Kn) and auxins (NAA, IAA, and IBA) on regeneration potential using the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Among individual cytokinin treatments, 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
January 2025
Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation (Ministry of Education), College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address:
Electronic mediators are an effective means of enhancing the efficiency of microbial electrochemical electron transfer; however, there are still gaps in understanding the strengthening mechanisms and the efficiency of removing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). This study systematically elucidates the effects of various electron mediators on bioelectrochemical processes, electron transfer efficiency, and the underlying mechanisms that inhibit ARG propagation within sediment microbial fuel cell systems (SMFCs). The results indicate that the addition of electron mediators significantly increased the output voltage (33.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteyskiy, 56, Kyiv-57, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine.
Off-grid water pumping systems (OGWPS) have become an increasingly popular area of research in the search for sustainable energy solutions. This paper presents a finite element method (FEM)-based design and analysis of Brushless-DC (BLDC) and Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) designed for low-power water pumping applications. Utilizing adaptive finite element analysis (FEA), both motors were designed with identical ratings and design parameters to ensure a fair comparison.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
The inhibitory potential of an alcoholic extract derived from Canarium strictum leaves (CSL) was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 15% HCl solution. Furthermore, to enhance its inhibition effectiveness, the influence of potassium iodide (KI) was also examined. The corrosion inhibition and adsorption characteristics of CSL were comprehensively analysed through weight loss measurement, electrochemical impedance measurement (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
January 2025
University of Rzeszow, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland.
The hunting of waterfowl may contribute significantly to environmental contamination through the leaching of highly toxic elements (As, Pb, Sb) from spent gunshot deposited on hunting grounds. It is therefore clearly necessary to develop a biogeochemical protocol that might decipher the fate of spent gunshot in the environment. In that context, we present a study that follows the laboratory simulation approach and discusses the methodical pros and cons of the protocol.
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