Resource allocations and disparities in the Brazilian health care system: insights from organ transplantation services.

Background: To date, few studies have assessed how Brazil's universal healthcare system's (SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde) systemic, infrastructural, and geographical challenges affect individuals' abilities to access organ transplantation services and receive quality treatment.

Discussion: In this article we evaluated the existing literature to examine the impact that SUS has had on an increasingly important healthcare sector: organ transplantation services. We assess how equity challenges within the transplantation system can be explained by wider problems within SUS. Findings suggest stark disparities in access to transplantation services both within and across Brazil's regions. We found that these regional differences are partially due to logistical challenges, especially in loosely populated areas but are also a consequence of disparities in resource allocations within SUS and under-capacitated health care facilities affecting transplantation services. We suggest that Brazil needs to improve its health outcome measurement system for organ transplantations and epidemiological surveillance, to gain more comprehensive and comparable data. Finally, we recommend policy strategies to reduce barriers to access to transplantation services by increasing transplantation service coverage in some areas and investing in emerging technologies.