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PTX3, a Humoral Pattern Recognition Molecule, in Innate Immunity, Tissue Repair, and Cancer. | LitMetric

PTX3, a Humoral Pattern Recognition Molecule, in Innate Immunity, Tissue Repair, and Cancer.

Physiol Rev

Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan , Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy ; and The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Published: April 2018

AI Article Synopsis

  • Innate immunity comprises two parts: cellular and humoral, with PTX3 being a crucial humoral component that responds to infections from various pathogens by binding to microbial structures and activating immune responses.
  • PTX3 not only plays a role in fighting infections but also regulates inflammation related to conditions like cancer and ischemia/reperfusion injury, influencing tissue repair and extracellular matrix organization.
  • It has potential as a cancer therapy target since it acts as an oncosuppressor by managing tumor-promoting inflammation, suggesting its importance in both innate immunity and cancer treatment strategies.

Article Abstract

Innate immunity includes a cellular and a humoral arm. PTX3 is a fluid-phase pattern recognition molecule conserved in evolution which acts as a key component of humoral innate immunity in infections of fungal, bacterial, and viral origin. PTX3 binds conserved microbial structures and self-components under conditions of inflammation and activates effector functions (complement, phagocytosis). Moreover, it has a complex regulatory role in inflammation, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury and cancer-related inflammation, as well as in extracellular matrix organization and remodeling, with profound implications in physiology and pathology. Finally, PTX3 acts as an extrinsic oncosuppressor gene by taming tumor-promoting inflammation in murine and selected human tumors. Thus evidence suggests that PTX3 is a key homeostatic component at the crossroad of innate immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, and cancer. Dissecting the complexity of PTX3 pathophysiology and human genetics paves the way to diagnostic and therapeutic exploitation.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5985957PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00016.2017DOI Listing

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