Temperatures above the optimum are sensed as heat stress (HS) by all living organisms and represent one of the major environmental challenges for plants. Plants can cope with HS by activating specific defense mechanisms to minimize damage and ensure cellular functionality. One of the most common effects of HS is the overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). The role of ROS and RNS in the regulation of many plant physiological processes is well established. On the contrary, in plants very little is known about the physiological role of peroxynitrite (ONOO), the RNS species generated by the interaction between NO and O. In this work, the role of ONOO on some of the stress responses induced by HS in tobacco BY-2 cultured cells has been investigated by measuring these responses both in the presence and in the absence of 2,6,8-trihydroxypurine (urate), a specific scavenger of ONOO. The obtained results suggest a potential role for ONOO in some of the responses induced by HS in tobacco cultured cells. In particular, ONOO seems implicated in a form of cell death showing apoptotic features and in the regulation of the levels of proteins involved in the response to stress.
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