Early-life Photoperiod Influences Depression-like Behavior, Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Response, and Hippocampal Astrogenesis in Mice.

Neuroscience

Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. Electronic address:

Published: March 2018

AI Article Synopsis

  • Early life environmental factors, specifically light exposure, impact adult behaviors and brain development, particularly in C57BL/6J mice.
  • Mice raised in short-day conditions displayed increased signs of anxiety-like behavior and potential schizophrenia markers compared to those raised in long-day conditions.
  • The differences in brain cell development and hormone receptor activity suggest that early light exposure affects brain function and behavior through hormonal pathways.

Article Abstract

Environmental factors during early life stages affect behavioral and physiological phenotypes in adulthood. We examined the effect of photoperiods during development on neurogenesis and affective behaviors during adolescence/adulthood using C57BL/6J mice. Mice were born and raised until weaning under long-day conditions (LDs) or short-day conditions (SDs), followed by a 12L12D cycle until adulthood. Adult mice born under SD showed a shorter latency to first immobility in the forced swim test when compared with the mice born under LD. The mice born under SD also exhibited significantly lower prepulse inhibition, which is a characteristic of schizophrenia. However, the mice exposed to SD and LD during the prenatal period only did not show differences in prepulse inhibition. At 4 weeks of age, there were less 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of mice born under SD when compared with mice born under LD. Double immunostaining showed that the mice born under SD showed less BrdU/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, an astrocyte marker) cells when compared with mice born under LD. Furthermore, expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the DG was higher in mice born under SD, and the photoperiod-dependent changes in the number of BrdU-positive cells in the DG were abolished by administration of RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. These results suggest that the photoperiod in early life alters astrogenesis in the hippocampus via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and may relate to affective behaviors in adulthood.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.038DOI Listing

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