Penile and Urethral Reconstructive Surgery.

Med Clin North Am

Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Electronic address:

Published: March 2018

AI Article Synopsis

  • Penile and urethral reconstructive surgeries address various urologic issues, particularly urethral stricture disease, which can cause worsening urinary symptoms and may need several surgeries.
  • Men with stress urinary incontinence often experience this due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency, especially after radical prostatectomy.
  • It's important for men with these conditions to see a urologist, as there are multiple treatment options available to enhance their quality of life.

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BACKGROUND Perineal injuries affecting the scrotum and penis are rare in pediatric patients, owing to the protective anatomy of the male genitalia. However, when such injuries do occur, timely surgical intervention is crucial. This kind of damage might not be life-threatening but could cause functional disorders and have a huge impact on the patients' psychological condition if not treated appropriately, especially as they enter puberty.

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Penile Reconstruction with Radial Forearm Free Flap-Present State of the Art.

Indian J Plast Surg

December 2024

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India.

Article Synopsis
  • Patients with penile defects, whether congenital or acquired, experience significant psychological distress, and the free radial artery forearm flap method has emerged as a preferred technique for reconstruction.
  • A retrospective study over 16 years reviewed various cases, modifying the initial design to enhance urethral function and stability in the procedure.
  • Results indicated that most patients regained sensation and could urinate standing; however, some experienced complications, and aesthetic outcomes varied, highlighting the technique's potential for effective rehabilitation.
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Outcome of Double Layer UrethroplastyWithout Flap in Mid and Distal Penile Hypospadias.

Mymensingh Med J

January 2025

Dr Md Abdullah Al Mahmud, Assistant Professor, Pediatric Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:

Hypospadias is the absence of external urethral meatus in the tip of the glans but present in the ventral surface of the penis. Hypospadias surgery is challenging and changing. Many modifications have been done to reduce the complications.

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Background: There is little information about when and how cavernosal sinusoidal endothelia develop in the external genitalia of fetuses.

Methods: We examined histological sections of erectile tissue in 37 human fetuses (25 males and 12 females) whose gestational age (GA) ranged from 8 to 40 weeks.

Results: The sinusoidal lumen was filled with blood in the glans of the penis and clitoris at a GA of 10-11 weeks, and in the corpus spongiosum at a GA of 15-16 weeks.

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Objective: The current management for complex urethral strictures commonly uses open reconstruction with buccal mucosa urethroplasty. However, there are multiple situations whereby buccal mucosa is inadequate (pan-urethral stricture or prior buccal harvest) or inappropriate for utilization (heavy tobacco use or oral radiation). Multiple options exist for use as alternatives or adjuncts to buccal mucosa in complex urethral strictures (injectable antifibrotic agents, augmentation urethroplasty with skin flaps, lingual mucosa, bladder mucosa, colonic mucosa, and new developments in tissue engineering for urethral graft material) (1, 2).

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