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A framework for flow time measured by Doppler ultrasound.
Ultrasound J
January 2025
Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
The duration of mechanical systole-also termed the flow time (FT) or left ventricular ejection time (LVET)-is measured by Doppler ultrasound and increasingly used as a stroke volume (SV) surrogate to guide patient care. Nevertheless, confusion exists as to the determinants of FT and a critical evaluation of this measure is needed. Using Doppler ultrasound of the left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT VTI) as well as strain and strain rate echocardiography as grounding principles, this brief commentary offers a model for the independent influences of FT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative Analysis of Virology and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV Infections: Implications for Public Health and Treatment Strategies.
Infect Drug Resist
January 2025
Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda.
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are significant 21st-century pandemics with distinct virological and clinical characteristics. COVID-19 primarily presents as an acute respiratory illness, while HIV leads to chronic immune suppression. Understanding their differences can enhance public health strategies and treatment approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHunting for heroes: Brain neurons mediating GLP-1R agonists in obesity treatment.
Obes Med
December 2024
The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, MD Anderson Cancer Center & UTHealth Houston Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have proven to be highly effective in reducing obesity across species and ages, gaining unmet popularity in clinical treatments against obesity. Although extensive research efforts have been made to explore how the brain regulates body weight homeostasis including the effect brought up by GLP-1 and its synthetic analogs GLP-1RAs, the identity of neurons and neural pathways that are responsible for the observed anti-obesity effect of GLP-1RAs remain largely elusive. Excitingly, three recent high-profile studies presented compelling evidence that each argues for the importance of GLP-1Rs in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, hindbrain, or lateral septum, respectively, in mediating the anti-obesity effect of GLP-1RAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommentary: Why do many cell biology papers contain fundamental bioenergetic errors?
Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg
January 2025
Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America. Electronic address:
To professional bioenergeticists, the thermodynamic and kinetic constraints on mitochondrial function are self-evident. It is therefore profoundly concerning that high-profile cell biology papers continue to appear containing fundamental bioenergetic errors that appear to have evaded the scrutiny of the principal investigator, co-authors, editors and, apparently, at least some of the referees. The problem is not new, and seems to stem from a perception that bioenergetics is a 'difficult' subject, both at undergraduate level, if it is taught in any depth, and in research, where cell biologists are faced with biophysical concepts such as protonmotive force, ion flux, redox potential and Gibbs free energy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex-specific impacts of caffeine on body composition: commentary on a retrospective cohort study.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr
December 2025
University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Department of Quality of Life Sciences, Bologna, Italy.
Background: Understanding the impact of caffeine intake on body composition is a topic of growing research interest. The article "Association Between Caffeine Intake and Fat-Free Mass Index: A Retrospective Cohort Study" by Tian et al. explored this relationship, highlighting a positive correlation between caffeine consumption and fat-free mass index (FFMI).
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