Greater efforts aimed at using antimicrobials sparingly and appropriately, as well as developing new antimicrobials with activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, are ultimately needed to address the threat of antimicrobial resistance. This article describes the evidence-based management of inpatient infections caused by resistant bacteria and the role family physicians can play in reducing further development of resistance through antimicrobial stewardship practices.
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Ann Am Thorac Soc
January 2025
The University of Tokyo, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Rationale: Although the guidelines generally omit routine antibiotic prophylaxis for diagnostic bronchoscopy, this recommendation is primarily based on studies with relatively small sample sizes conducted at single institutions. Moreover, the applicability of recent technical and procedural advancements to these guidelines remains uncertain.
Objectives: To evaluate whether oral prophylactic antibiotic administration for diagnostic bronchoscopy reduces post-bronchoscopy infections among non-infectious diseases in the current setting.
Swiss Med Wkly
December 2024
Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
The choice of modality of treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms is based on various clinical aspects and the patient's preference. Financial considerations should not be among these. To evaluate any financial variations between endovascular and microsurgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the Swiss healthcare system, we retrospectively reviewed 100 consecutive aneurysm cases treated as inpatients in our institution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Community Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND.
Background Antimicrobials considerably reduce infectious conditions, but their overuse and misuse contribute to various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and antimicrobial resistance. In 2019, India adopted a national program to reduce antibiotic resistance for 2019-2021. Assessing antibiotic consumption among the out-patient and in-patient departments is paramount because it is the foundation for implementing and assessing antibiotic stewardship initiatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
January 2025
Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Introduction: The global rise of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL-PE) challenges resource-limited countries with insufficient laboratory infrastructure. This study investigates fecal carriage and risk factors for ESBL-PE and carbapenemase-producing organisms among patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) in rural Tanzania.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at St.
Lancet Microbe
January 2025
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address:
Background: Antibiotic heteroresistance is a common bacterial phenotype characterised by the presence of small resistant subpopulations within a susceptible population. During antibiotic exposure, these resistant subpopulations can be enriched and potentially lead to treatment failure. In this study, we examined the prevalence, misclassification, and clinical effect of heteroresistance in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections for the clinically important antibiotics cefotaxime, gentamicin, and piperacillin-tazobactam.
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