Remote sensing of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from waste incineration.

Incomplete combustion processes lead to the formation of many gaseous byproducts that can be challenging to monitor in flue gas released via chimneys. This study presents ground-based remote sensing approaches to make greenhouse gas (GHG) flux measurements of methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO) from a waste incineration chimney at distances of 150-200 m. The study found emission of NO (corresponding to 30-40 t yr), which is a consequence of adding the reduction agent urea to decrease NO emissions due to NO regulation; a procedure that instead increases NO emissions (which is approximately 300 times more potent as a GHG than CO on a 100-year time scale). CH emissions of 7-11 t yr was also detected from the studied chimney despite the usage of a high incineration temperature. For this particular plant, local knowledge is high and emission estimates at corresponding levels have been reported previously. However, emissions of CH are often not included in GHG emission inventories for waste incineration. This study highlights the importance of monitoring combustion processes, and shows the possibility of surveying CH and NO emissions from waste incineration at distances of several hundred meters.