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Objectives: To determine the health utility values (HUVs) of overactive bladder (OAB), defined as urinary urgency, usually accompanied by urinary daytime or nocturnal frequency, with or without urinary incontinence, among adults aged ≥65 years and to assess the HUV decrements (disutilities) of OAB according to its severity.
Methods: This cross-sectional Internet-based study was conducted between 2 and 9 November 2023, with quota sampling with equal probability for each sex and age group (age 65-74 years and ≥75 years). OAB was defined as an urgency score of ≥2 points and a total score of ≥3 points based on the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score.
Parent-Reported Feeding Practices Associated With Children's Observed Willingness-to-Try-New-Foods in Childcare.
Matern Child Nutr
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Feeding behaviours are established early in life, with lifelong influences on children's appetite, growth and health, emphasizing the importance of understanding how parent-child feeding interactions relate to children's eating and growth patterns. The objective was to examine reciprocity between parent-reported feeding practices and children's observed willingness-to-try-new-foods in childcare settings without parental presence, thereby assessing independence from context and parental influence. The sample included parent-child dyads (n = 436) recruited from 51 childcare centres across 10 counties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstimating hypothetical estimands with causal inference and missing data estimators in a diabetes trial case study.
Biometrics
January 2025
Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
The ICH E9 addendum on estimands in clinical trials provides a framework for precisely defining the treatment effect that is to be estimated, but says little about estimation methods. Here, we report analyses of a clinical trial in type 2 diabetes, targeting the effects of randomized treatment, handling rescue treatment and discontinuation of randomized treatment using the so-called hypothetical strategy. We show how this can be estimated using mixed models for repeated measures, multiple imputation, inverse probability of treatment weighting, G-formula, and G-estimation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA genealogy-based approach for revealing ancestry-specific structures in admixed populations.
bioRxiv
January 2025
Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Elucidating ancestry-specific structures in admixed populations is crucial for comprehending population history and mitigating confounding effects in genome-wide association studies. Existing methods for elucidating the ancestry-specific structures generally rely on frequency-based estimates of genetic relationship matrix (GRM) among admixed individuals after masking segments from ancestry components not being targeted for investigation. However, these approaches disregard linkage information between markers, potentially limiting their resolution in revealing structure within an ancestry component.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtremely early initiation of vasopressors might not decrease short-term mortality for adults with septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intensive Care
January 2025
Department of Artificial Intelligence, College of Intelligent Computing, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Background: The optimal timing for initiating vasopressor therapy in patients with septic shock remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of early versus late vasopressor initiation on clinical outcomes.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases.
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