In the field of diagnostic studies for tree or umbrella ordering, under which the marker measurement for one class is lower or higher than those for the rest unordered classes, there exist a few diagnostic measures such as the naive AUC ( NAUC), the umbrella volume ( UV), and the recently proposed TAUC, i.e. area under a ROC curve for tree or umbrella ordering (TROC). However, an important characteristic about tree or umbrella ordering has been neglected. This paper mainly focuses on promoting the use of the integrated false negative rate under tree ordering ( ITFNR) as an additional diagnostic measure besides TAUC, and proposing the idea of using ( TAUC, ITFNR) instead of TAUC to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a biomarker under tree or umbrella ordering. Parametric and non-parametric approaches for constructing joint confidence region of ( TAUC, ITFNR) are proposed. Simulation studies under a variety of settings are carried out to assess and compare the performance of these methods. In the end, a published microarray data set is analyzed.
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Placenta
December 2024
LMU Munich, Department of Anatomy II, Pettenkoferstr. 11, Munich, 80336, Germany.
Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder with inflammatory complications. There are no known placental histopathological features, which are unique to PE. It is often pooled with the fetal growth restriction (FGR) under a single umbrella pathophysiology, the maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biopharm Stat
October 2024
School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
In the realm of medical diagnostic testing, diagnostic tests can assume either binary forms, distinguishing between diseased and non-diseased states, or ordinal forms, categorizing states from non-diseased to various stages (1 to K). Another significant classification scheme for multi-class scenarios is tree or umbrella ordering, which entails several unordered sub-classes (subtypes) within a biomarker. Within tree or umbrella ordering, the classifier assesses whether the marker measurement for one class surpasses or falls below those for the other classes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Biol
October 2024
Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK. Electronic address:
Protists, an umbrella term first coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866, are a vast collection of (primarily unicellular) eukaryotes that are "neither animals nor plants". This basic definition by exclusion has been exercised for centuries, even though recent advances have led to more rigorous taxonomic assignment of various protist groups. Pioneering comparative phylogenetic approaches have been applied to these organisms to reconstruct the deep branches of the eukaryotic tree, revealing essential clues about early eukaryotic evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Biol Med
November 2024
Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE) at Anhembi Morumbi University, Anima Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil. Electronic address:
Introduction: High-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) devices are used to improve airway clearance in various respiratory conditions. This study comprehensively assesses the evidence on efficacy and safety and identifies trends in scientific publications and patents across geographic regions.
Methods: This study utilized an integrated approach, combining bibliographic and bibliometric research with artificial intelligence (AI) tools.
J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv
August 2024
Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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