Affective states, such as anticipatory anxiety, critically influence speech communication behavior in adults who stutter. However, there is currently little evidence regarding the involvement of the limbic system in speech disfluency during interpersonal communication. We designed this neuroimaging study and experimental procedure to sample neural activity during interpersonal communication between human participants, and to investigate the relationship between the amygdala activity and speech disfluency. Participants were required to engage in live communication with a stranger of the opposite sex in the MRI scanner environment. In the gaze condition, the stranger gazed at the participant without speaking, while in the live conversation condition, the stranger asked questions that the participant was required to answer. The stranger continued to gaze silently at the participant while the participant answered. Adults who stutter reported significantly higher discomfort than fluent controls during the experiment. Activity in the right amygdala, a key anatomical region in the limbic system involved in emotion, was significantly correlated with stuttering occurrences in adults who stutter. Right amygdala activity from pooled data of all participants also showed a significant correlation with discomfort level during the experiment. Activity in the prefrontal cortex, which forms emotion regulation neural circuitry with the amygdala, was decreased in adults who stutter than in fluent controls. This is the first study to demonstrate that amygdala activity during interpersonal communication is involved in disfluent speech in adults who stutter.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.037 | DOI Listing |
Int J Impot Res
December 2024
Department of Urology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
Sickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorders with 23% and over 70% of men with this condition, experiencing episodes of ischaemic priapism and stuttering priapism, respectively, with potentially severe consequences. The effective prevention of sickle cell disease induced ischaemic priapism and stuttering priapism requires a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. A search of the English literature was performed utilising Pubmed® and Google Scholar to identify publications on contemporary and novel treatment options, with their associated treatment outcomes if available, that are utilised to prevent stuttering priapism episodes and hence a fulminant ischaemic priapism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fluency Disord
October 2024
Manchester Centre for Audiology & Deafness (ManCAD), University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Purpose: Stuttering epidemiology is reviewed with a primary goal of appraising methods used to identify stuttering in large populations. Secondary goals were to establish a best estimate of adult stuttering prevalence; identify data that could subgroup stuttering based upon childhood versus adult onset and covert versus over behaviour; and conduct a preliminary assessment of the degree to which stuttering features as a co-occurring diagnosis.
Methods: Systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines.
J Fluency Disord
September 2024
Manchester Centre for Audiology & Deafness (ManCAD), University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Purpose: Epidemiological research of stuttering has frequently focused on children, with a relative paucity of population level data specific to adults. Prevalence data for adults are reassessed here, including a breakdown of whether stuttering is overt or covert, and whether onset was in childhood or adulthood. The engagement of adults who stutter with stuttering communities is also estimated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Speech Lang Pathol
December 2024
Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park.
Purpose: Most common treatments for stuttering offer advice that parents modify temporal features of conversational interaction to assist children who stutter (CWS). Advice includes but is not limited to slowing of adult speech, increasing turn-taking/response-time latencies (RTLs), and reducing interruptions. We looked specifically at RTL and parental speech rate in a longitudinal data set that included baseline behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Speech Lang Hear Res
December 2024
Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences and Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
Purpose: Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder that disrupts the timing and rhythmic flow of speech production. There is growing evidence indicating that abnormal interactions between the auditory and motor cortices contribute to the development of stuttering. The present study investigated speech auditory-motor synchronization in stuttering adults and the influential factors behind it as compared to individuals without stuttering.
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