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Research in aging often refers to animal models, particularly C57BL/6J (B6J) mice, considered gold standard. However, B6J mice are distributed by different suppliers, which results in divers substrains exhibiting notable phenotypic differences. To ensure a suitable phenotype of cardiac aging, we performed heart analyses of young (5 months) and old B6J mice (24 months) from two substrains: B6JRj (Janvier) and B6JCrl mice (Charles River).

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A New target of ischemic ventricular arrhythmias-ITFG2.

Eur J Pharmacol

January 2025

Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China. Electronic address:

ITFG2 is an intracellular protein known to modulate the immune response of T-cells. Our previous investigation revealed that ITFG2 specifically targets ATP5b to regulate ATP energy metabolism and maintain mitochondrial function, thereby protecting the heart from ischemic injury. However, the role of ITFG2 in ischemic ventricular arrhythmias and its underlying mechanisms have not been previously reported.

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TLR4 Inhibition Attenuated LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Signaling and Cytokine Release in Mouse Hearts and Cardiomyocytes.

Immun Inflamm Dis

January 2025

Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Background: Sepsis is associated with myocardial injury and early mortality. The innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can recognize pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); the latter are released during tissue injury. We hypothesized that TLR4 inhibition reduces proinflammatory signaling and cytokine release in: (1) LPS or Escherichia coli-treated isolated mouse heart; (2) LPS-treated mouse primary adult cardiomyocytes; and (3) the isolated heart during ischemia-reperfusion.

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Background: Exosomes sourced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXOs) have become a promising therapeutic tool for sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SMD). Our previous study demonstrated that Apelin pretreatment enhanced the therapeutic benefit of MSCs in myocardial infarction by improving their paracrine effects. This study aimed to determine whether EXOs sourced from Apelin-pretreated MSCs (Apelin-MSC-EXOs) would have potent cardioprotective effects against SMD and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

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Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Ventricular Arrhythmias Attenuated by Secretoneurin in Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Cardiomyocytes.

Cardiovasc Toxicol

January 2025

Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.

Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are major causes of sudden cardiac death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one common uremic toxin found in CKD patients. This study investigated whether IS could induce VAs via increasing right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) arrhythmogenesis.

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