: Tuberculosis (TB) is predominantly an airborne disease. However, quantitative and qualitative analysis of bio-aerosols containing the aetiological agent, , has proven very challenging. Our objective is to sample bio-aerosols from newly diagnosed TB patients for detection and enumeration of bacilli. : We monitored each of 35 newly diagnosed, GeneXpert sputum-positive, TB patients during 1 hour confinement in a custom-built Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC). The RASC (a small clean-room of 1.4m ) incorporates aerodynamic particle size detection, viable and non-viable sampling devices, real-time CO monitoring, and cough sound-recording. Microbiological culture and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) were used to detect in each of the bio-aerosol collection devices. : was detected in 27/35 (77.1%) of aerosol samples; 15/35 (42.8%) samples were positive by mycobacterial culture and 25/27 (92.96%) were positive by ddPCR. Culturability of collected bacilli was not predicted by radiographic evidence of pulmonary cavitation, sputum smear positivity. A correlation was found between cough rate and culturable bioaerosol. was detected on all viable cascade impactor stages with a peak at aerosol sizes 2.0-3.5μm. This suggests a median of 0.09 CFU/litre of exhaled air (IQR: 0.07 to 0.3 CFU/l) for the aerosol culture positives and an estimated median concentration of 4.5x10 CFU/ml (IQR: 2.9x10 -5.6x10 ) of exhaled particulate bio-aerosol. : was identified in bio-aerosols exhaled by the majority of untreated TB patients using the RASC. Molecular detection was more sensitive than mycobacterial culture on solid media, suggesting that further studies are required to determine whether this reflects a significant proportion of differentially detectable bacilli in these samples.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12758.2 | DOI Listing |
J Thorac Oncol
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, 1-1 Mitsuzawa-Nishi-machi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-0855, Japan.
Introduction: Osimertinib is the first-line treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have EGFR mutations and favorable performance status (PS). Despite increasing clinical data on osimertinib, evidence in patients with an impaired PS remains limited. Therefore, a multicenter phase II trial (OPEN/TORG2040) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line osimertinib for patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC and poor PS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFESMO Open
January 2025
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston. Electronic address:
Background: Brain metastases (BMs) are common in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer, increasing morbidity and mortality. Systemic therapy for BMs can be effective, with the triple combination of trastuzumab, capecitabine, and tucatinib being a potential standard. More recently, intracranial activity of antibody-drug conjugates has been reported, but the size of individual studies has been small.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Commun (Lond)
January 2025
Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Background: Hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/humaal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer, the most common breast cancer type, has variable prognosis and high recurrence risk. Neoadjuvant therapy is recommended for median-high risk HR+/HER2- patients. This phase II, single-arm, prospective study aimed to explore appropriate neoadjuvant treatment strategies for HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Endod J
January 2025
Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
Aims: Apical Periodontitis (AP) involves complex interactions between the root canal microbiome and the host immune response, with potential risk of local and systemic inflammatory burden, however there is no evidence available regarding correlation between microbiome and inflammatory marker levels. This study aims to identify the microbiome of saliva, intracanal and blood samples in AP subjects and investigate the correlation between intracanal and blood microbiomes with serum inflammatory biomarker levels, and salivary microbiomes with salivary inflammatory biomarker levels.
Methodology: Saliva, Intracanal and blood samples were collected from AP patients undergoing root canal retreatment.
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet
January 2025
Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumor Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
RET gene is a driver of thyroid cancer (TC) tumorigenesis. The incidence of TC has increased worldwide in the last few decades, both in medullary and follicular-derived subtypes. Several drugs, including multikinase and selective inhibitors, have been explored.
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