Two different nematode species were recovered from pomegranate decaying fruit in two localities in Southern Italy: the mycetophagus nematode and a bacterial feeder nematode belonging to the Panagrolaimidae (Rhabditida) family. Morphometrics of the Italian population of closely resemble that of the type population, whereas some differences were found when compared with another population from Iran. Molecular characterization of the Italian using the 18S rRNA gene, D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rDNA, the ITS region, and the partial mitochondrial COI were carried out. Sequences of the 18S rRNA gene, the D2-D3 domains, and the ITS were analyzed using several methods for inferring phylogeny to reconstruct the relationships among and species. The bacterial feeder sp. was characterized at the molecular level only. The D2-D3 expansion domains and ITS sequences of this Italian panagrolaimid were determined. The D2-D3 sequences of the Italian panagrolaimid showed 99% similarity with the corresponding sequence of sp. associated with . This is the first report on the tritrophic association of and Rhabditida that uses both insects and pomegranate fruit as hosts.
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