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Algae-fungi symbioses and bacteria-fungi co-exclusion drive tree species-specific differences in canopy bark microbiomes.
ISME J
January 2024
Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Köln 50674, Germany.
With over 3 trillion trees, forest ecosystems comprise nearly one-third of the terrestrial surface of the Earth. Very little attention has been given to the exploration of the above-ground plant microbiome of trees, its complex trophic interactions, and variations among tree species. To address this knowledge gap, we applied a primer-independent shotgun metatranscriptomic approach to assess the entire living canopy bark microbiome comprising prokaryotic and eukaryotic primary producers, decomposers, and various groups of consumers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerging approaches of utilizing trees to produce advanced structural and functional materials.
Chem Commun (Camb)
July 2024
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA.
The global number of trees is approximately 3 trillion, covering 31% of the land area. Trees are considered a cheap, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly feedstock for producing advanced structural and functional materials toward a widespread application in sustainable energy and environment. In this highlight, we reveal the structure and composition of wood, leaves, and tree extracts, and then highlight the strategies to control their hierarchical structures and properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA trillion trees: carbon capture or fuelling fires?
Trends Ecol Evol
January 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network, National Research Foundation, Claremont, South Africa.
Afforesting grassy systems for carbon gain using flammable plantation trees could shift the fire regime from lower intensity grass-fuelled fires to high-intensity crown fires. Future changes in climate will worsen this. We highlight the fire risk of trees planted for carbon and costs of fire protection using African examples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproving climate and biodiversity outcomes through restoration of forest integrity.
Conserv Biol
December 2023
Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA.
Targeting degraded areas in forested landscapes for restoration could deliver rapid climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation, improve resilience of forested lands to future climate change, and potentially reduce the trade-offs between nature recovery and agriculture. Although the importance of forest restoration for climate mitigation is acknowledged, current estimates of its climate mitigation potential may be underestimated because they focus predominantly on reforesting cleared areas. We built on recent analyses of forest integrity and unrealized forest biomass potential to examine the potential for restoring the integrity of degraded forests.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-Term Evolution Experiment with Genetic Programming.
Artif Life
June 2022
Michigan State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
We evolve floating point Sextic polynomial populations of genetic programming binary trees for up to a million generations. We observe continued innovation but this is limited by tree depth. We suggest that deep expressions are resilient to learning as they disperse information, impeding evolvability, and the adaptation of highly nested organisms, and we argue instead for open complexity.
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