Protease/anti-protease imbalance is the main pathogenic mechanism of emphysema and protease inhibitors have been recognized as potential molecules to treat the disease conditions. In this work the rBmTI-6 first domain (rBmTI-6-D1), a recombinant Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor, was used to verify its effect in prevention or minimization of PPE-induced emphysema in mice. C57BL/6 mice were submitted to a PPE-induced emphysema model and treated with rBmTI-6-D1 before the emphysema development. We showed that the rBmTI-6-D1 treatment was sufficient to avoid the loss of elastic recoil, an effective decrease in alveolar enlargement and in the number of macrophages and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Proteolytic analysis showed a significant increase in elastase activity in PPE-VE (induced emphysema) group that is controlled by rBmTI-6-D1. Kallikrein activity was decreased in the PPE-rBmTI6 (induced emphysema and inhibitor treated) group when compared to PPE-VE group. Although rBmTI-6-D1, did not present a neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitory activity, the results show that the inhibitor interfered in the pathway of NE secretion in PPE-emphysema mice model. The role of rBmTI-6-D1 in the prevention of emphysema development in the mice model, apparently, is related with a control of inflammatory response due the trypsin/kallikrein inhibitory activity of rBmTI-6-D1.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.066 | DOI Listing |
Front Immunol
January 2025
Department Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a C-type lectin that was originally discovered as a lung surfactant associated phospholipid recognising protein. It was originally shown to be of great importance in surfactant turnover and homeostasis in conjunction with another hydrophilic surfactant protein i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuant Imaging Med Surg
December 2024
College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Background: A change in the output of deep neural networks (DNNs) via the perturbation of a few pixels of an image is referred to as an adversarial attack, and these perturbed images are known as adversarial samples. This study examined strategies for compromising the integrity of DNNs under stringent conditions, specifically by inducing the misclassification of medical images of disease with minimal pixel modifications.
Methods: This study used the following three publicly available datasets: the chest radiograph of emphysema (cxr) dataset, the melanocytic lesion (derm) dataset, and the Kaggle diabetic retinopathy (dr) dataset.
Respir Res
December 2024
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
Background: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) modulate pulmonary inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), contributing to its progression. The PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer influences AM polarization induced by cigarette smoke (CS). Although PPARγ agonists suppress CS-induced M1 macrophage polarization, the impact of RXRα agonists on this process has not been determined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespir Investig
December 2024
Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
Background: The prognostic factors in mild fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD) have not been established.
Methods: We retrospectively attempted to identify predictive factors of annual progression in mild FILD with gender-age-physiology (GAP) score of 3 or less using logistic regression analysis. Annual FILD progression was defined as meeting any two or more of the following conditions: 1, more than 10% decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) or 15% decrease in diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (D); 2, worsening of dyspnea; 3, worsening of fibrotic change on CT at 1 year after admission.
Mucosal Immunol
December 2024
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan.
We aimed to elucidate the dynamic changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by the gut microbiota following smoking exposure and their role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. SCFA concentrations were measured in human plasma, comparing non-smokers (n = 6) and smokers (n = 12). Using a mouse COPD model induced by cigarette smoke exposure or elastase-induced emphysema, we modulated SCFA levels through dietary interventions and antibiotics to evaluate their effects on inflammation and alveolar destruction.
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