1. The spawning of Ciona intestinalis with respect to light was studied, using both white light and monochromatic light. 2. A one-hour dark-adaption period followed by exposure to light resulted in spawning by 66.6% of the 884 animals tested. 3. Spawning occurs an average of 27.3 minutes after the onset of illumination. 4. Illumination need not be continuous until spawning occurs; the animals spawn when returned to the dark after a short illumination period, provided they have received enough energy. 5. The action spectrum for spawning suggests cytochrome c as a chromophore.
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Environ Microbiome
January 2025
Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Background: Recovery of degraded coral reefs is reliant upon the recruitment of coral larvae, yet the mechanisms behind coral larval settlement are not well understood, especially for non-acroporid species. Biofilms associated with reef substrates, such as coral rubble or crustose coralline algae, can induce coral larval settlement; however, the specific biochemical cues and the microorganisms that produce them remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed larval settlement responses in five non-acroporid broadcast-spawning coral species in the families Merulinidae, Lobophyllidae and Poritidae to biofilms developed in aquaria for either one or two months under light and dark treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPalliat Support Care
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Objectives: Since physician-assisted dying (PAD) has become a part of the clinical dialogue in the United States (US) and other Western countries, it has spawned controversy in the moral, ethical, and legal realm, with significant cross-country variation. The phenomenon of PAD includes 2 practices: Euthanasia and medical aid in dying (MAiD). Although euthanasia has been allowed in different parts of the world, in the US it is illegal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConserv Physiol
December 2024
Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.
The physiological performance of ectotherms is influenced by temperature, raising concerns about the impact of global warming on ectotherms. Understanding the relationship between ecologically relevant temperatures and the physiological performance of ectotherms provides a basis for assessing their resilience to changing environments. Absolute aerobic scope (AAS) is a functional metric of the thermal performance of aquatic ectotherms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
The circumstances under which species diversify to genetically distinct lineages is a fundamental question in biology. Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) is an extremely abundant zooplanktivorous species that is subdivided into multiple ecotypes that differ regarding spawning time and genetic adaption to local environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, and light conditions. Here we show using whole genome analysis that multiple populations of piscivorous (fish-eating) herring have evolved sympatrically after the colonization of the brackish Baltic Sea within the last 8000 years postglaciation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Rev Plant Biol
December 2024
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan; email:
I grew up with laboratory glassware and microscopes as treasures from a young age. I was a member of the Chemistry Club in junior high school, and when I visited RIKEN with club members, I wished to become an organic chemist in the future. I received my doctoral degree through the study of the spawning inhibitor of starfish.
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