Background: Several restorative materials with specific indications are used for filling cavities in primary teeth.
Aim: To systematically review the literature in order to investigate the longevity of primary teeth restorations and the reasons for failure.
Design: Electronic databases were screened, and eligible studies were hand-searched to find longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the survival of restorations (class I, class II, and crown) placed with different materials in primary teeth with at least one year of follow-up.
Results: Thirty-one studies were included, and a high bias risk was observed. Overall, 12,047 restorations were evaluated with 12.5% of failure rate. A high variation on annual failure rate (AFR) was detected (0-29.9%). Composite resin showed the lowest AFRs (1.7-12.9%). Stainless steel crowns (SSC) had the highest success rate (96.1%). Class I restorations and restorations placed using rubber dam presented better AFR. The main reason for failure observed was secondary caries (36.5%).
Conclusions: An elevated number of failures were observed due to recurrent caries, highlighting the need for professionals to work with a health-promoting approach. The high variation on failure rate among the materials can be due to children's behavior during the procedure, which demands short dental appointments and a controlled environment.
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