AI Article Synopsis
- Monozygotic twins are often studied to understand the role of genetics and epigenetics in their phenotypic similarities, which are thought to be mainly due to their identical genetics.
- Recent research shows that monozygotic twins have greater epigenetic similarity than expected, due to specific epigenetic changes happening before the embryo splits, a phenomenon called "epigenetic supersimilarity."
- This epigenetic similarity is linked to environmental factors and is associated with a higher risk of developing certain cancers, suggesting early embryonic epigenetic changes can influence health later in life.
Article Abstract
Background: Monozygotic twins have long been studied to estimate heritability and explore epigenetic influences on phenotypic variation. The phenotypic and epigenetic similarities of monozygotic twins have been assumed to be largely due to their genetic identity.
Results: Here, by analyzing data from a genome-scale study of DNA methylation in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, we identified genomic regions at which the epigenetic similarity of monozygotic twins is substantially greater than can be explained by their genetic identity. This "epigenetic supersimilarity" apparently results from locus-specific establishment of epigenotype prior to embryo cleavage during twinning. Epigenetically supersimilar loci exhibit systemic interindividual epigenetic variation and plasticity to periconceptional environment and are enriched in sub-telomeric regions. In case-control studies nested in a prospective cohort, blood DNA methylation at these loci years before diagnosis is associated with risk of developing several types of cancer.
Conclusions: These results establish a link between early embryonic epigenetic development and adult disease. More broadly, epigenetic supersimilarity is a previously unrecognized phenomenon that may contribute to the phenotypic similarity of monozygotic twins.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5759268 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-017-1374-0 | DOI Listing |
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