The coding region of GSTP1 gene is preceded by a large CpG-rich region that is frequently affected by methylation. In many cancer types, GSTP1 is affected by hypermethylation and, as a consequence, it has a low expression. The aim of this review is to give an overview on GSTP1 methylation studies with a special focus on liquid biopsy, thus to summarize methods, results, sample types, different diseases, to have a complete information regarding this promising epigenetic biomarker. We used all the most valuable scientific search engines (PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science) searching the following keywords: GSTP1, methylation, cancer, urine, serum, plasma and blood. GSTP1 is a largely investigated tissue biomarker in several malignancies such as prostate, breast, lung and hepatocellular carcinoma with good performances especially for diagnostic purposes. As a liquid biopsy biomarker, it has been mainly investigated in prostate cancer (PCa) where it showed a high specificity but a low sensitivity; thus, it is recommended in combination with other biomarkers. Despite the large number of published papers and the promising results, GSTP1 has not yet entered the clinical practice even for PCa diagnosis. For this reason, further large and prospective studies are needed to validate this assay.
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- The study investigates the role of DNA methylation as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer through two cohorts with long-term follow-up data.
- Initial analysis of a small dataset showed that higher methylation levels were linked to lethal disease, which was confirmed in a larger cohort where 97% of samples tested positive for methylation.
- Although methylation levels correlated with certain survival outcomes, they did not provide additional prognostic value beyond existing clinical features, indicating the need for further research into their clinical applications.
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State University of Londrina (UEL), Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil. Electronic address:
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