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Enhancing Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation for Hospitalized and Recently Discharged People Living With HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Glob Health Sci Pract
January 2025
Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Background: Despite increased antiretroviral therapy (ART) access in South Africa, HIV testing and ART initiation are suboptimal in hospital settings. Key gaps include in-hospital case finding, ART initiation support, and primary health care (PHC) facility linkage after discharge.
Intervention Development And Description: We identified weaknesses in hospital processes by comparing them with PHC HIV services and developed a quality improvement model for implementation in 5 Johannesburg hospitals.
HIV OctaScanner: A Machine Learning Approach to Unveil Proteolytic Cleavage Dynamics in HIV-1 Protease Substrates.
J Chem Inf Model
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.
The rise of resistance to antiretroviral drugs due to mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) protease is a major obstacle to effective treatment. These mutations alter the drug-binding pocket of the protease and reduce the drug efficacy by disrupting interactions with inhibitors. Traditional methods, such as biochemical assays and structural biology, are crucial for studying enzyme function but are time-consuming and labor-intensive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF%diag_test: a generic SAS macro for evaluating diagnostic accuracy measures for multiple diagnostic tests.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak
January 2025
Institute of Mathematical Sciences Centre for Health Analytics and Modelling (CHaM), Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Background: Measures of diagnostic test accuracy provide evidence of how well a test correctly identifies or rules-out disease. Commonly used diagnostic accuracy measures (DAMs) include sensitivity and specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC), area under precision-recall curves (AUPRC), diagnostic effectiveness (accuracy), disease prevalence, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) etc. Most available analysis tools perform accuracy testing for a single diagnostic test using summarized data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex Affects Cognitive Outcomes in HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Mice: Role of CCR5.
ASN Neuro
January 2025
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), even though combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses HIV replication. HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (HIV-1 Tat) contributes to the development of HAND through neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic mechanisms. C-C chemokine 5 receptor (CCR5) is important in immune cell targeting and is a co-receptor for HIV viral entry into CD4+ cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA blended learning approach for capacity strengthening to improve the quality of integrated HIV, TB, and malaria services during antenatal and postnatal care in LMICs: a feasibility study.
BMC Med Educ
January 2025
Department of International Public Health, Emergency Obstetric and Quality of Care Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembrooke Place, L3, 5QA, Liverpool, UK.
Background: The blended learning (BL) approach to training health care professionals is increasingly adopted in many countries because of high costs and disruption to service delivery in the light of severe human resource shortage in low resource settings. The Covid-19 pandemic increased the urgency to identify alternatives to traditional face-to-face (f2f) education approach. A four-day f2f antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) continuous professional development course (CPD) was repackaged into a 3-part BL course; (1) self-directed learning (16 h) (2) facilitated virtual sessions (2.
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