AI Article Synopsis
- The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus is essential for the immune response, with its expression levels varying based on specific genetic alleles, influencing how the body responds to infections.
- A study of nearly 10,000 HIV-infected individuals revealed that higher HLA expression levels are linked to worse control of the virus.
- The relationship between HLA and the NKG2A receptor suggests that blocking the interaction of HLA-E with NKG2A could potentially improve outcomes for HIV patients.
Article Abstract
The highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen () locus encodes cell surface proteins that are critical for immunity. expression levels vary in an allele-dependent manner, diversifying allele-specific effects beyond peptide-binding preference. Analysis of 9763 HIV-infected individuals from 21 cohorts shows that higher levels confer poorer control of HIV. Elevated expression provides enhanced levels of an HLA-A-derived signal peptide that specifically binds and determines expression levels of HLA-E, the ligand for the inhibitory NKG2A natural killer (NK) cell receptor. haplotypes that favor NKG2A-mediated NK cell licensing (i.e., education) exacerbate the deleterious effect of high on HIV control, consistent with NKG2A-mediated inhibition impairing NK cell clearance of HIV-infected targets. Therapeutic blockade of HLA-E:NKG2A interaction may yield benefit in HIV disease.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5933048 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aam8825 | DOI Listing |
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