Background: Botulism manifests with cranial nerve palsies and flaccid paralysis in children and adults. Botulism must be rapidly identified and treated; however, clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of noninfant botulism in children are not well described.
Methods: We searched 12 databases for peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed reports with primary data on botulism in children (persons <18 years of age) or botulinum antitoxin administration to children. Reports underwent title and abstract screening and full text review. For each case, patient demographic, clinical, and outcome data were abstracted.
Results: Of 7065 reports identified, 184 met inclusion criteria and described 360 pediatric botulism cases (79% confirmed, 21% probable) that occurred during 1929-2015 in 34 countries. Fifty-three percent were male; age ranged from 4 months to 17 years (median, 10 years). The most commonly reported signs and symptoms were dysphagia (53%), dysarthria (39%), and generalized weakness (37%). Inpatient length of stay ranged from 1 to 425 days (median, 24 days); 14% of cases required intensive care unit admission; 25% reported mechanical ventilation. Eighty-three (23%) children died. Median interval from illness onset to death was 1 day (range, 0-260 days). Among patients who received antitoxin (n = 193), 23 (12%) reported an adverse event, including rash, fever, serum sickness, and anaphylaxis. Relative risk of death among patients treated with antitoxin compared with patients not treated with antitoxin was 0.24 (95% confidence interval, .14-.40; P < .0001).
Conclusions: Dysphagia and dysarthria were the most commonly reported cranial nerve symptoms in children with botulism; generalized weakness was described more than paralysis. Children who received antitoxin had better survival; serious adverse events were rare. Most deaths occurred early in the clinical course; therefore, botulism in children should be identified and treated rapidly.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix812 | DOI Listing |
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First case of infant botulism in Sicily-case report.
Ital J Pediatr
November 2024
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Botulism is a serious disease caused by a toxin from Clostridium botulinum, leading to muscle paralysis and respiratory issues; diagnosing it can be tough without typical risk factors, such as honey consumption.
- A documented case of infant botulism in Sicily involved an exclusively breastfed baby showing symptoms like poor suction and hypotonia, without any obvious food contamination history.
- The key to the successful treatment was recognizing the signs early, administering botulinum antitoxin, and confirming the diagnosis through tests, emphasizing the need for awareness of all possible exposure sources, including inhalation of contaminated dust.
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