Lesional Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Beware the Deceitful "Panic Attack".

Background: Ganglioglioma is a rare, benign, intraaxial glioneuronal tumor but a relatively common cause of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Given its often nonspecific neuropsychiatric manifestations and frequently negative electroencephalographic workup, TLE can be easily misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder, particularly panic attacks.

Case Description: We present a case of a 17-year-old boy who was found to have lesional TLE secondary to a left temporal ganglioglioma, 5 years after having been misdiagnosed with panic disorder and having undergone ineffective and unnecessary psychotherapy. He was successfully cured by surgery. Although a few similar cases of TLE masquerading as a panic disorder have been previously reported in the literature, this is the youngest and only pediatric patient described to date.

Conclusion: This report underscores the challenges in making an accurate clinical diagnosis of TLE and the importance of timely brain imaging whenever an atypical or medically refractory panic disorder is encountered.