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Ethanol Forensic Toxicology. | LitMetric

Ethanol Forensic Toxicology.

J Am Acad Psychiatry Law

Dr. Perry is a Emeritus Professor and Dr. Doroudgar is an Assistant Professor, Clinical Sciences Department, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA. Dr. Van Dyke is an Ambulatory Care Clinical Pharmacist, Kaiser Permanente, Walnut Creek, CA.

Published: December 2017

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Ethanol abuse can lead to negative consequences that oftentimes result in criminal charges and civil lawsuits. When an individual is suspected of driving under the influence, law enforcement agents can determine the extent of intoxication by measuring the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and performing a standardized field sobriety test. The BAC is dependent on rates of absorption, distribution, and elimination, which are influenced mostly by the dose of ethanol ingested and rate of consumption. Other factors contributing to BAC are gender, body mass and composition, food effects, type of alcohol, and chronic alcohol exposure. Because of individual variability in ethanol pharmacology and toxicology, careful extrapolation and interpretation of the BAC is needed, to justify an arrest and assignment of criminal liability. This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetic properties of ethanol and the clinical effects of acute intoxication as they relate to common forensic questions. Concerns regarding the extrapolation of BAC and the implications of impaired memory caused by alcohol-induced blackouts are discussed.

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