Lost in translation? A critical look at the role that animal models of obsessive compulsive disorder play in current drug discovery strategies.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe neuropsychiatric illness estimated to affect between 1-3% of the population. In today's literature, there are a number well-validated and convincing animal models of OCD described. Areas covered: Herein, the authors look at the role that animal models of OCD (including transgenic models, deer mouse stereotypy, quinpirole sensitization, post-training signal attenuation, and mouse marble burying) have played in determining the current directions of OCD drug discovery. Specifically, the article reviews new OCD drug therapies currently under investigation including drugs that target glutamate, dopamine, serotonin, and endocannabinoid systems. The authors review the published results of these clinical trials, and critically examine the contribution of animal models to the development of these novel therapies. Expert opinion: Nitric oxide inhibitors, oxycarbazepine, and modulators of serotonin and metabotropic glutamate receptors should be further explored in animal models as well as in clinical trials. Pregabalin, topiramate, lamotrigine, sarcosine, minocycline, L-carnosine, celecoxib, and ondansetron, which have shown promise in clinical trials, should be explored in animal models with the goal of understanding the neurobiology of their effects. A multidisciplinary, interactive approach to OCD drug discovery, where animal models generate neurobiological hypotheses that can be tested in the clinic, and vice versa, should be cultivated.