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Valuing the benefits of reducing firearm violence in the United States.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

January 2025

Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.

Justifying a proposed government regulation intended to reduce firearm violence requires a conceptually sound estimate of the monetized value of that impact and how that value is distributed across the population. Some previous estimates do not serve as a valid basis for policy evaluation or are out of date. A nationally representative survey was conducted by the AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research in August 2022 (n = 660).

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Assessing Links Between Alcohol Exposure and Firearm Violence: A Scoping Review Update.

Alcohol Res

January 2025

Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Background: Firearm violence remains a leading cause of death and injury in the United States. Prior research supports that alcohol exposures, including individual-level alcohol use and alcohol control policies, are modifiable risk factors for firearm violence, yet additional research is needed to support prevention efforts.

Objectives: This scoping review aims to update a prior 2016 systematic review on the links between alcohol exposure and firearm violence to examine whether current studies indicate causal links between alcohol use, alcohol interventions, and firearm violence-related outcomes.

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Clinical trials of drugs, procedures, and other therapies play a crucial role in advancing medical science by evaluating the safety, efficacy, and optimal use of medical interventions. The design and implementation of these trials have evolved significantly over time, reflecting advancements in medicine, ethics, and methodology. Early historical examples, such as King Nebuchadnezzar II's and his captives' dietary experiment and Ambroise Paré's treatment of gunshot wounds, laid some foundational principles of trial design.

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: Firearm wounds tend to have a precise pattern. Despite this, real-world case presentations can present uncertain elements, sometimes deviating from what is considered standard, and present uncommon features that are difficult for forensic pathologists and ballistic experts to explain. : A retrospective analysis of autopsy reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Catania, covering 2019-2023, included 348 judicial inspections and 378 autopsies performed as part of the institute's overall activities.

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