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Defining lower airway bacterial infection in children with chronic endobronchial disorders. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study focuses on distinguishing lower airway bacterial infections from upper airway contamination in children with conditions like protracted bacterial bronchitis and bronchiectasis.
  • It analyzes bronchoalveolar lavage samples, looking at bacterial loads and inflammatory markers to guide clinical management.
  • Findings suggest a bacterial load threshold of ≥10 CFU/mL can be used to define lower airway infections in this population, helping healthcare providers determine appropriate treatments.

Article Abstract

Background: Differentiating lower airway bacterial infection from possible upper airway contamination in children with endobronchial disorders undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is important for guiding management. A diagnostic bacterial load threshold based on inflammatory markers has been determined to differentiate infection from upper airway contamination in infants with cystic fibrosis, but not for children with protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD), or bronchiectasis.

Methods: BAL samples from children undergoing bronchoscopy underwent quantitative bacterial culture, cytologic examination, and respiratory virus testing; a subset also had interleukin-8 examined. Geometric means (GMs) of total cell counts (TCCs) and neutrophil counts were plotted by respiratory pathogen bacterial load. Logistic regression determined associations between age, sex, Indigenous status, antibiotic exposure, virus detection and bacterial load, and elevated TCCs (>400 × 10 cells/mL) and airway neutrophilia (neutrophils >15% BAL leukocytes).

Results: From 2007 to 2016, 655 children with PBB, CSLD, or bronchiectasis were enrolled. In univariate analyses, Indigenous status and bacterial load ≥10 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL were positively associated with high TCCs. Viruses and bacterial load ≥10 CFU/mL were positively associated with neutrophilia; negative associations were seen for Indigenous status and macrolides. In children who had not received macrolide antibiotics, bacterial load was positively associated in multivariable analyses with high TCCs at ≥10 CFU/mL and with neutrophilia at ≥10 CFU/mL; GMs of TCCs and neutrophil counts were significantly elevated at 10 and 10 CFU/mL compared to negative cultures.

Conclusions: Our findings support a BAL threshold ≥10 CFU/mL to define lower airway infection in children with chronic endobronchial disorders.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167837PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.23931DOI Listing

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