Background: A high prevalence of cancers in metabolic disorders, like metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), recently has been noted, including prostate cancer (PC), which is androgen-sensitive. However, the pathological relationship among testosterone and insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling in relation to MetS and T2DM with PC remains unclear.
Methods: Papers were reviewed, including those by the authors.
Results: In MetS or the initial stage of T2DM accompanying insulin resistance, insulin and IGF-1 signaling could be essential for PC growth. In the advanced stage of T2DM, the decrease in insulin secretion might work against PC growth. A decrease in testosterone concentration with T2DM also might suppress PC proliferation. Androgen deprivation therapy in patients with PC might increase the risk of MetS and/or T2DM and consequently cardiovascular events. Certain drugs for T2DM treatment, such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, potentially might be useful for the treatment of PC.
Conclusion: The improvement of insulin resistance appears to be essential for the prevention of PC growth. Further studies are needed to clarify the complicated pathophysiology of metabolic disorders in PC growth.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmb2.12039 | DOI Listing |
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