Type I males of the Pacific midshipman fish () vibrate their swimbladder to generate mating calls, or "hums," that attract females to their nests. In contrast to the intermittent calls produced by male Atlantic toadfish (), which occur with a duty cycle (calling time divided by total time) of only 3-8%, midshipman can call continuously for up to an hour. With 100% duty cycles and frequencies of 50-100 Hz (15°C), the superfast muscle fibers that surround the midshipman swimbladder may contract and relax as many as 360,000 times in 1 h. The energy for this activity is supported by a large volume of densely packed mitochondria that are found in the peripheral and central regions of the fiber. The remaining fiber cross section contains contractile filaments and a well-developed network of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and triadic junctions. Here, to understand quantitatively how Ca is managed by midshipman fibers during calling, we measure (a) the Ca pumping-versus-pCa and force-versus-pCa relations in skinned fiber bundles and (b) changes in myoplasmic free [Ca] (Δ[Ca]) during stimulated activity of individual fibers microinjected with the Ca indicators Mag-fluo-4 and Fluo-4. As in toadfish, the force-pCa relation in midshipman is strongly right-shifted relative to the Ca pumping-pCa relation, and contractile activity is controlled in a synchronous, not asynchronous, fashion during electrical stimulation. SR Ca release per action potential is, however, approximately eightfold smaller in midshipman than in toadfish. Midshipman fibers have a larger time-averaged free [Ca] during activity than toadfish fibers, which permits faster Ca pumping because the Ca pumps work closer to their maximum rate. Even with midshipman's sustained release and pumping of Ca, however, the Ca energy cost of calling (per kilogram wet weight) is less than twofold more in midshipman than in toadfish.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201711760 | DOI Listing |
Mar Pollut Bull
June 2024
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Marine noise is recognised as a growing threat that can induce maladaptive behavioural changes in many aquatic animals, including fishes. The plainfin midshipman is a soniferous fish with a prolonged breeding period, during which males produce tonal hums that attract females, and grunts and growls during agonistic interactions. In this study, we used acoustic recordings to assess the effects of boat noise on the presence, peak frequencies, and durations of plainfin midshipman calls in the wild.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHorm Behav
May 2024
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address:
An amalgam of investigations at the interface of neuroethology and behavioral neuroendocrinology first established the most basic behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological characters of vocal-acoustic communication morphs in the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus Girard. This foundation has led, in turn, to the repeated demonstration that neuro-behavioral mechanisms driving reproductive-related, vocal-acoustic behaviors can be uncoupled from gonadal state for two adult male phenotypes that follow alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Biol Sci
December 2023
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Teleost fishes have evolved a number of sound-producing mechanisms, including vibrations of the swim bladder. In addition to sound production, the swim bladder also aids in sound reception. While the production and reception of sound by the swim bladder has been described separately in fishes, the extent to which it operates for both in a single species is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Acoust Soc Am
November 2023
School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32653, USA.
An unmanned surface vehicle (USV; Wave Glider) was deployed to study the coastal soundscape in shallow (less than 30 m) coastal waters off the coast of Cape Canaveral, FL, in July 2020 and January 2022. These surveys documented temporal and seasonal trends in biological sounds across a variety of habitats within an 812-km2 survey area, including sand shoals, sand-mud plains, and natural hardbottom. Among a broader diversity of identifiable and unidentifiable fish choruses recorded during the survey, a distinct and previously unidentified fish chorus was recorded; corroborating evidence suggests it and other sounds with similar spectral properties may be produced by Atlantic midshipman.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZoology (Jena)
August 2023
Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul., Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
The batracoidid Plainfin Midshipmen Porichthys notatus Girard has been extensively studied due to the sound production abilities and specializations of its swim bladder. The present study describes three-dimensional variations of the morphology of the swim bladder and sonic muscles of P. notatus during its post-hatch larval development, with the use of three-dimensional computed tomography.
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