AI Article Synopsis
- Two types of catalysts were created using sol-gel and microemulsion methods, incorporating varying ratios of magnesium (Mg) and zirconium (Zr) solids.
- These catalysts were tested for their ability to dehydrate xylose into furfural in different reactor setups with varying organic solvents, revealing that the method of synthesis and the Zr content significantly influenced their effectiveness.
- Among the catalysts, pure ZrO₂, particularly from the sol-gel method, showed the best performance for furfural yield, while Mg-Zr mixed catalysts also proved viable for processes requiring additional reaction steps.
Article Abstract
Two series of catalysts were prepared by sol-gel and microemulsion synthetic procedure (SG and ME, respectively). Each series includes both pure Mg and Zr solids as well as Mg-Zr mixed solids with 25%, 50% and 75% nominal Zr content. The whole set of catalysts was characterized from thermal, structural and surface chemical points of view and subsequently applied to the liquid-phase xylose dehydration to furfural. Reactions were carried out in either a high-pressure autoclave or in an atmospheric pressure multi-reactor under a biphasic (organic/water) reaction mixture. Butan-2-ol and toluene were essayed as organic solvents. Catalysts prepared by microemulsion retained part of the surfactant used in the synthetic procedure, mainly associated with the Zr part of the solid. The MgZr-SG solid presented the highest surface acidity while the Mg3Zr-SG one exhibited the highest surface basicity among mixed systems. Xylose dehydration in the high-pressure system and with toluene/water solvent mixture led to the highest furfural yield. Moreover, the yield of furfural increases with the Zr content of the catalyst. Therefore, the catalysts constituted of pure ZrO₂ (especially Zr-SG) are the most suitable to carry out the process under study although MgZr mixed solids could be also suitable for overall processes with additional reaction steps.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6150008 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122257 | DOI Listing |
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