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The molecular events leading to gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NET) formation are largely unknown. Over the past decades, systemic chemotherapies have been replaced by therapies directed at particular molecular targets such as the somatostatin receptors, mTOR complexes or proangiogenic molecules. These approaches have demonstrated some success in subtypes of this heterogeneous tumor group, but responses are still widely varied. This review highlights the clinical trials ongoing for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and includes emerging immunotherapy, which holds great promise for NETs based on successes in other tumor types. Current avenues of preclinical research, including Notch and PI3K/AKT, will lead to additional targeted therapies based on genome-wide studies that have cast a wide net in the search for driver mutations. Future preclinical and clinical investigations are required to identify those mutations predictive of therapeutic response or disease progression. Results of current clinical trials outlined here will better inform patient management with respect to agent selection, timing, duration and combination therapy in the treatment of NETs.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5722794 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00341 | DOI Listing |
J Natl Compr Canc Netw
December 2024
1Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the appendix are typically detected incidentally during appendectomy. Recent studies reported no metachronous metastases among patients with primary tumors <2 cm, regardless of lymph node status or referral for completion hemicolectomy. However, questions persist regarding the possibility of metastases developing decades after surgical resection, particularly because appendiceal NETs are frequently diagnosed in young adults and children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
To investigate incidence, treatment patterns and outcomes of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) in the United States. The 2019 National Cancer Database was searched for adult GEP-NEN patients. Main outcomes included overall and site-specific incidence, treatment patterns, and overall survival (OS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistopathology
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Aims: Nottingham grade for breast cancers, rather than gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) grade for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), is currently applied to primary breast NETs, which need further clarification. High-grade NETs in breast also remain poorly recognised.
Methods And Results: Among 595 breast carcinomas with diffuse synaptophysin (Syn) or chromogranin A (CgA) immunostaining (≥ 90%), 197 eligible cases were selected, including 69 NETs, 123 invasive breast carcinomas of no special type (IBC-NSTs) and five neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs).
Clin Nutr ESPEN
December 2024
Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou,73000,Gansu, China. Electronic address:
Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are a heterogeneousgroup of rare cancers. The effects of micronutrients on GEP-NETs have been explored in observational studies, but with inconsistent results. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) study to investigate whether micronutrients influence the risk of GEP-NETs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Gastrointest Oncol
December 2024
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) are rare mixed tumors containing both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components that occupy at least 30% of the whole tumor. Biologically, both components appear to derive from an identical cellular precursor undergoing early dual differentiation or late transdifferentiation. While our understanding of MiNENs has improved in recent years, many areas of uncertainty remain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!