Despite decades of research, the fundamental neurochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the major depressive disorder (MDD) are still poorly understood, and current antidepressant treatments have limited clinical efficacy. In clinical conditions, the rapprochement between the disease and the corrective actions of drugs in laboratory animals is essential for developing effective therapies. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant effects of ketamine (N-metil-d-asparte (NMDA) receptor antagonist), minocycline (tetracycline antibiotic), and amitriptyline (classical antidepressant), on behavior and oxidative stress parameters in animals submitted to the chronic mild stress (CMS) and maternal deprivation protocols. For this aim, male Wistar rats were submitted to maternal deprivation or CMS. To induce maternal deprivation, Wistar rats were deprived of maternal care during the first 10 days of life. To induce CMS, Wistar rats were submitted to the CMS for 40 days. To reverse the effects of stress, treatment was done intraperitoneally with a single dose of ketamine (15 mg/kg), and minocycline (25 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (10 mg/kg) by 20 days. After treatment, the animals were submitted to the forced swimming test and then analyzed oxidative stress parameters in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Treatment with ketamine, minocycline and amitriptyline were able to exert antidepressant effects in the forced swimming test. However, these antidepressant effects were dependent on the stress model by which the animals were exposed. In certain brain regions some treatment strategies had a pro-oxidant effect. Though, most of the strategies used in this study had antioxidant effects, as reported by a decrease on protein and lipid damage, nitrite/nitrate concentration and myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, an increase in the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes activities were also evident after treatments. In conclusion, the antidepressant effects of ketamine and minocycline, in the present study, may be associated, at least in part, with its antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in animals subjected to maternal deprivation or CMS.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.12.005 | DOI Listing |
Dent Res J (Isfahan)
November 2024
School of Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry. M. Goldman, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: No consensus has been reached on the effect of topical application of amitriptyline and nortriptyline on irreversible pulpitis pain in teeth with failed pulpal anesthesia after a successful inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block. This study aimed to assess the effect of topical application of amitriptyline and nortriptyline on irreversible pulpitis pain in teeth with failed pulpal anesthesia after a successful IAN block.
Materials And Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 45 patients with irreversible pulpitis.
Cureus
November 2024
Psychology, Maudsley Health, Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Dubai, ARE.
This case report discusses the treatment of a 42-year-old male with over a decade of treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). The patient underwent various pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments, including multiple antidepressants and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), yet experienced only partial symptom relief. At baseline, the patient's depressive symptoms were severe, with a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score of 28, and his obsessive-compulsive symptoms were marked, with a Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score of 34.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Psychiatry
December 2024
The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
Background: This study investigates the effectiveness and safety of aripiprazole oral solution in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.
Methods: This was a multicenter, single-arm phase IV study involving 134 patients in China in the acute stage of schizophrenia from May 2021 to July 2022. The patients received aripiprazole oral solution 10 - 30 mg/d for 12 weeks.
J Psychiatr Res
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Vanvitelli", Italy.
People with severe mental disorders experience premature mortality compared with the general population. Several factors contribute to the mortality gap, including the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, poor screening for physical illnesses, difficulties in accessing healthcare facilities, specific clinical features of mental disorders and some pharmacological treatment such as antipsychotic medications with serious metabolic side effects. In the present study, carried out in the framework of the LIFESTYLE trial, a funded nationwide multicentric study, we aimed to assess the impact of different antipsychotics in mediating the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention on healthy lifestyle behaviours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Immunopharmacol
December 2024
M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. Electronic address:
Introduction: Flavonoids including quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin etc. have always been a part of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of several ailments. Rutin (RT), also known as rutoside, sophorin is one of the flavanol glycoside having structure resemblance with quercetin.
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