Scapular Winging Caused by Combined Palsy of the Spinal Accessory Nerve and the Long Thoracic Nerve: A Case Report.

Case: A 37-year-old man with scapular winging, caused by combined palsy of the spinal accessory nerve and the long thoracic nerve, was successfully treated with a pectoralis major transfer to substitute for the serratus anterior muscle, and with levator scapulae and rhomboid muscle transfers to substitute for the trapezius muscle.

Conclusion: The serratus anterior paralysis was thought to have occurred secondary to traction of the long thoracic nerve by the unsupported scapula following the spinal accessory nerve palsy. Even with combined paralyses of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles, combined muscle transfers that substitute for the paralyzed muscles can improve shoulder function.