Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
While endocervical adenocarcinoma is comprised of several histological subtypes, the most common subtype is human papillomavirus-associated usual type, and management of these tumours is primarily determined by FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage, a clinically based staging system. Early stage cervical cancer is determined by the pathological evaluation of tumour microscopic measurement (depth of invasion), which can be particularly challenging because of the lack of a defined point of origin. Yet important treatment decisions, cone versus radical surgery, are based on this imperfect system, resulting in overtreatment and related morbidities in many patients for whom it may not be necessary. There is a growing consensus, however, for a more conservative approach, one that reduces morbidity and prevents loss of fertility in these (often young) patients. This movement has been supported, in part, by the development of a morphology based risk stratification system which was devised in order to recognise those tumours that, while invasive, could potentially be treated more conservatively. In this review, we provide the reader with the background and rationale for a more conservative approach in treating endocervical adenocarcinoma, summarise the risk stratification system, and review the system's utility and reproducibility. In addition, we comment on recent updates that attempt to further refine the system. The application of this morphology based classification could help identify a subset of patients with endocervical adenocarcinoma (who would otherwise undergo radical surgery based on FIGO staging alone) that have good clinical outcomes and could be treated more conservatively.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7478857 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.09.011 | DOI Listing |
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