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The Physcomitrella patens chromosome-scale assembly reveals moss genome structure and evolution. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The genome of the moss species, Physcomitrella patens, consists of around 2000 unordered DNA segments, and researchers developed a more organized chromosome-scale assembly using genetic methods and long fragment sequencing.
  • A significant portion of the genome, about 57%, is made up of transposable elements (TEs), with unique characteristics in their distribution compared to flowering plants.
  • The study indicates that the genome has evolved through two whole genome duplications, highlighting the need for further research on moss and other non-seed plant genomes to better understand overall plant genome evolution.

Article Abstract

The draft genome of the moss model, Physcomitrella patens, comprised approximately 2000 unordered scaffolds. In order to enable analyses of genome structure and evolution we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly using genetic linkage as well as (end) sequencing of long DNA fragments. We find that 57% of the genome comprises transposable elements (TEs), some of which may be actively transposing during the life cycle. Unlike in flowering plant genomes, gene- and TE-rich regions show an overall even distribution along the chromosomes. However, the chromosomes are mono-centric with peaks of a class of Copia elements potentially coinciding with centromeres. Gene body methylation is evident in 5.7% of the protein-coding genes, typically coinciding with low GC and low expression. Some giant virus insertions are transcriptionally active and might protect gametes from viral infection via siRNA mediated silencing. Structure-based detection methods show that the genome evolved via two rounds of whole genome duplications (WGDs), apparently common in mosses but not in liverworts and hornworts. Several hundred genes are present in colinear regions conserved since the last common ancestor of plants. These syntenic regions are enriched for functions related to plant-specific cell growth and tissue organization. The P. patens genome lacks the TE-rich pericentromeric and gene-rich distal regions typical for most flowering plant genomes. More non-seed plant genomes are needed to unravel how plant genomes evolve, and to understand whether the P. patens genome structure is typical for mosses or bryophytes.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13801DOI Listing

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